Improving the Availability of Valuable Coconut Germplasm using Tissue Culture Techniques
Keywords:
Coconut, Cryopreservation, Embryo culture, Germplasm conservation, Somatic embryogenesis
Abstract
Coconut cultivation faces a number of acute problems that reduce its productivity and competitiveness. These problems include various biotic and abiotic challenges as well as an unstable market for its traditional oil-based products. Around 10 million small-holder farmers cultivate coconut palms worldwide on c. 12 million hectares of land, and many more people own a few coconut palms that contribute to their livelihoods. Inefficiency in the production and supply of appropriate seedlings for replanting a generally ageing resource remains an issue, especially where there is uncertainty about the ability of local populations to resist potential disease threats. However, tissue culture in such cases is expected to provide pragmatic solutions. Over the past 60 years much research has been directed towards developing and improving protocols for (i) embryo culture; (ii) clonal propagation via somatic embryogenesis and (iii) germplasm conservation via cryopreservation. Recent advances have provided new ways to improve these protocols, especially cryopreservation. Although effective embryo culture and cryopreservation are now possible, the low efficiency of conversion of somatic embryos to ex vitro seedlings still restrains the large-scale clonal propagation of coconut. Although tissue culture in coconut has developed over the recent decades, further improvement of protocols and their application to a wider range of germplasm will boost their adoption for the breeding, conservation and propagation of coconut.
References
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Eeuwens CJ, Blake J (1977) Culture of coconut and date palm tissue with a view to vegetative propagation. Acta Hort 78:277-286
FAOSTAT (2013) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - World coconut harvested areas in 2013 http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567 - ancor. Accessed 22/11/2014
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Fernando SC, Verdeil JL, Hocher V, Weerakoon LK, Hirimburegama K (2003) Histological analysis of plant regeneration from plumule explants of Cocos nucifera. Plant Cell Tiss Org 72:281-283. doi:10.1023/ A:1022345011002
Fernando SC, Vidhanaarachchi VRM, Weerakoon LK, Santha ES (2010) What makes clonal propagation of coconut difficult? AsPac J Mol Biol Biotechnol 18:163-165
Foale M (2003) The coconut odyssey: the bounteous possibilities of the tree of life. ACIAR Monography No. 101. Canberra
Fuentes G, Talavera C, Desjardins Y, Santamaria JM (2005) High irradiance can minimize the negative effect of exogenous sucrose on photosynthetic capacity of in vitro grown coconut plantlets. Biol Plant 49:7-15
Gamborg OL, Miller RA, Ojima K (1968) Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp Cell Res 50:151-158. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(68)90403-5
Gupta PK, Kendurkar SV, Kulkarni VM, Shirgurkar MV, Mascarenhas AF (1984) Somatic embryogenesis and plants from zygotic embryos of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in vitro. Plant cell reports 3:222-225
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Karunaratne S, Periyapperuma K (1989) Culture of immature embryos of coconut, Cocos nucifera L.: callus proliferation and somatic embryogenesis. Plant Sci 62:247-253
Koschek PR, Alviano DS, Alviano CS, Gattass CR (2007) The husk fiber of Cocos nucifera L. (Palmae) is a source of anti-neoplastic activity. Brazilian J Med Biol Res 40:1339-1343. doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2006005000153
Lee RF (2013) Cadang-cadang disease of palm and other diseases. Phytopathol 103:177-177
Lim TK (2012) Cocos nucifera. In: Lim TK (ed) Edible medicinal and non-medicinal plants. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Berlin, pp 301-334. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8661-7_45
Lopez-Villalobos A (2002) Roles of lipids in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) embryogenesis. University of London,
López-Villalobos A, Dodds PF, Hornung R (2001) Changes in fatty acid composition during development of tissues of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) embryos in the intact nut and in vitro. J Exp Bot 52:933-942
López-Villalobos A, Dodds PF, Hornung R (2011) Lauric acid improves the growth of zygotic coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) embryos in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss Org 106:317-327. doi:10.1007/s11240-011-9924-8
López-Villalobos A, Hornung R, Dodds PF (2004) Hydrophobic metabolites of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in cultured coconut tissue. Phytochem 65:2763-2774. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem. 2004.08.034
Marina AM, Man YBC, Nazimah SAH, Amin I (2009) Antioxidant capacity and phenolic acids of virgin coconut oil. Int J Food Sci Nutr 60:114-123. doi:10.1080/ 09637480802549127
Morel G, Wetmore RH (1951) Fern callus tissue culture. Am J Bot 38:141-143. doi:10.2307/2437837
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473-497. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054. 1962.tb08052.x
N'Nan O, Hocher V, Verdeil JL, Konan JL, Ballo K, Mondeil F, Malaurie B (2008) Cryopreservation by encapsulation-dehydration of plumules of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). CryoLett 29:339-350
Pan MJ, van Staden J (1998) The use of charcoal in in vitro culture - a review. Plant Growth Regul 26:155-163. doi:10.1023/a: 1006119015972
Pannetier C, Buffard-Morel J Production of somatic embryos from leaf tissues of coconut, Cocos nucifera L. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Plant Tissue Culture Congress, Tokyo, Japan, 1982.
Pech y Aké AE, Maust B, Orozco-Segovia A, Oropeza C (2007) The effect of gibberellic acid on the in vitro germination of coconut zygotic embryos and their conversion into plantlets. In Vitro Cell Dev Plant 43:247-253
Pech y Aké AE, Souza R, Maust B, Santamaría JM, Oropeza C (2004) Enhanced aerobic respiration improves in vitro coconut embryo germination and culture. In Vitro Cell Dev Plant 40:90-94. doi:10.1079/ivp2003480
Perera L, Perera SACN, Bandaranayake CK, Harries HC (2009a) Coconut. In: Vollmann J, Rajcan I (eds) Oil Crops, vol 4. Springer, New York, pp 369-396. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-77594-4_12
Perera PIP, Perera L, Hocher V, Verdeil JL, Yakandawala DM, Weerakoon LK (2008) Use of SSR markers to determine the anther-derived homozygous lines in coconut. Plant cell reports 27:1697-1703. doi:10.1007/s00299-008-0592-z
Perera PIP, Vidhanaarachchi VRM, Gunathilake TR, Yakandawala DMD, Hocher V, Verdeil JL, Weerakoon LK (2009b) Effect of plant growth regulators on ovary culture of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Plant Cell Tiss Org 99:73-81. doi:10.1007/s11240-009-9577-z
Pérez-Núñez MT, Chan JL, Sáenz L, González T, Verdeil JL, Oropeza C (2006) Improved somatic embryogenesis from Cocos nucifera (L.) plumule explants. In Vitro Cell Dev Plant 42:37-43. doi:10.1079/ivp2005722
Reinert J (1959) Über die kontrolle der morphogenese und die induktion von adventivembryonen an gewebekulturen aus karotten. Planta 53 (4):318-333. doi: 10.1007/BF01881795
Rethinam P (2006) Asian and Pacific coconut community activities, achievements and future outlook. ACIAR Proceedings Series 125:15-21
Rillo EP (1998) PCA's embryo culture technique in the mass production of Makapuno coconuts. In: Batugal PA, Engelmann F (eds) Coconut embryo in vitro culture: Part I. Proceedings of the first workshop on embryo culture, Banao, Guinobatan, Albay, Philippines, 27-31 October 1997. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), Rome, pp 69-78
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Published
2016-10-01
How to Cite
Steve Adkins. (2016). Improving the Availability of Valuable Coconut Germplasm using Tissue Culture Techniques. CORD, 32(2), 10. https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v32i2.33
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Articles
