SOME MISCELLANEOUS EXPERIMENTS WITH COCONUT EMBRYO CULTURE
Keywords:
Miscellaneous Experiments, Coconut Embryo CUlture
Abstract
The growth and development of coconut embryo cultures can be manipulated by various methods, including the alteration of the carbon source in the basal medium. Shoot growth was favoured when glucose was used as the carbon source, but root growth was stimulated when sucrose was used at equimolar concentrations. Both fructose and glucose were found to, stimulate vitrification and mannitol was inert. BAP had no effect on the growth and development of coconut embryo cultures up to a level of 316 M. Ethylene and carbon dioxide built up in the culture flasks to biologically active concentrations but did not affect growth in the time period measured. The build‑up of these gases could be alleviated through altering the sealing mechanisms of the culture flasks. In vitro, coconut embryos germinate faster in sealed culture flasks and it is assumed that this is to do with the gaseous composition of the headspace. Genotype of the embryo has perhaps the greatest influence on coconut growth and development in vitro, with significant differences being found in the growth rates of the 10 Pacific genotypes tested. This issue should be taken into account when recommendations are made on the use of a general protocal for the use of coconut embryo culture for the collection and conservation of germplasm.
References
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ASHBURNER GR and JAMES EA (1994) An annotated bibliography of in vitro coconut propagation. ACIAR Working Paper Series No. 40. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra.
ASHBURNEF, GF, THOMPSON WK and BURCH JM (1993) Effect of naptheleneacetic acid and sucrose levels on the development of cultured embryos of coconut. Pl. Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 35, 157 163
ASHBURNER GR, THOMPSON WK, MAHESWARAN G and BURCH JM (l. 99 1) The effect of solid and liquid phase in the basal medium of coconut (cocos nucifera L.) Embryo cultures. Oleagianeux 46, 149 152.
ASSY BAH B (1986) Culture in vitro d'embryons zygotiques de cocotier (Cocos nucifera L.) Oleagineux 41, 321 328
ASSY BAH B, DURANT GASSELIN T and PANNETIER C (1987) Use of zygotic embryo culture to collect germplasm of coconut (cocos nucifera L) Pl. Genet. Resour.Newsl. 71, 4 10
ASSY BAH B and ENGELMANN F. (1992) Cryopreservation of mature embryos of coconut (cocos nucifera L) and subsequent regeneration of plantlets. Cryo lett 33, 19 24
ASSY BAH B and ENGELMANN F. (l993). Medium term conservation of mature embryos of coconut. Pl. Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 33, 19 24
BALAGA HY and GUZMAN EV de (l970). The growth and development of coconut 'makapuno' embryos in vitro. II. Increased rooting incidence and growth in response to media composition and to sequential culture from liquid to solid medium Philipp.Agnic.53, 551 565.
BIDDINGTON NL (1992). The influence of ethylene in plant tissue culture. Pl. Growth Reg. 11, 173 187
BRANTAN RL and BLAKE J (1983). Development of organized structures in callus derived from explants of cocos nucifera L. Ann.Bot. 52, 673¬ 678
CUTTER VM, and WILSON KS (1954). Effect of coconut endosperm and other growth stimulants upon the development in vitro of embryos of cocos nucifera . Bot.Gaz. l 15, 234 240
DREW RA, CONSIDINE JA and McCOMB JA (l993). Effect of fiructose on growth of pawpaw shoot explants in vitro. Aust.J.Bot. 41, 739 748
DRUART P and DE WULF O. (1993). Activated charcoal catalyses sucrose hydrolysis during autoclaving PI.CeIlTiss.Org.Cult. 32, 97 99
EEUWENS CJ (1978) Effects of organic nutrients and hormons on growth and development of tissue explants from coconut (cocos nucifera) and date (Phoenix dactulifera) palms cultured in vitro Physiol. Plant 42, 173 178
FISHER JB and THEOBALD WF (1989) Long term effects of gibberellin and cytokinin on coconut trees. Principes 33, 5 17
FISHER JB and TSAI JH (1978) In vitro growth of embryos and callus of coconut palm. In Vitro 14, 307 311.
GUZMAN EV de (1970). The growth and development of coconut 'makapuno' ernbryo in vitro. 1. The induction of rooting. Philipp.Agric. 53, 65 73
GUZMAN EV de AND MANUAL GC (1977). Improved root growth in embryo and seedling cultures of coconut 'makapuno' by the incorporation of charcoal in the growth medium. Philipp. J. Coconut Stud. 2, 35 39
GUZMAN EV de, ROSARIO AG del and EUSEBIO EC (l971). The growth and development of coconut 'makapuno' embryo in vitro. III. Resumption of root growth in high sugar media. Philipp.Agric. 48, 82¬94
GUZMAN, EV de and ROSARIO DA del (1964) The growth and development of cocos nucifera L. 'Makapuno' embryo in vitro Philipp.Agric. 48, 82 94
JACKSON MB, ABBOTT AJ, BELCHER AR, HALL KC, BUTLER R and CAMERON J (l991) Ventilation in plant tissue cultures and effects of poor aeration on ethylene and carbon. dioxide accumulation, oxygen depletion and explant development. Ann.Bot. 67, 229 237
KARUNARATNE S and PERIYAPPERUMA K (l989) Culture of immature embryos of coconut, cocos nucifera L.: callus proliferation and somatic embryognesis PI.Sci, 62, 247 253
KARUNARATNE S, SANTHA S and KOVOOR A (l 99 1) An in vitro, assay for drought tolerant coconut gennplasm. Euphytica 53, 25 30
KOZAI T (1990) Micropropagation under photoautotrophic conditions. In Micropropagation: technology and applications, Eds Debergh PC and Zimmerman RH, pp. 448 47 1. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
MOREL G and WETMORE RH (l 951) Tissue culture of monocotyledons Am J Bot 38, 138 140
MURASHIGE T and SKOOG F (l962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol.Plant. 15, 473 497.
PENGELLY WL and SU LY (l991) Ethylene and plant tissue culture. In The plant hormone ethylene, Eds Matoo AK and Suttle JC, pp 259 278, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
RAGHAVAN V (1976) Experimental embryogenesis in vascular plants. Academic Press, London.
REMISON, SU (1984) Effect of gibberellic acid, kinetin and naphthylacetic acid on the growth of coconut seedlings. Ann.Appl. Biol. 105, 387 388
SAJISE JU and GUZMAN EV de (1972) Formation of adventitious roots in coconut makapuno seedlings in medium supplemented with naphthalene acetic acid. Philipplbiol. 1, 197 206
SOSSOU J, KARUNARATNE S and KOVOOR A (l 987) Collecting palm: in vitro explanting in the field. Pl.Gent.Resour.Newsl. 69 7 18
THOMAS DS and MURASHIGE T (1979) Volatile emissions of plant tissue cultures. I. Identification of the major components. In. Vitro 15, 654 65 8
TORUAN N (l 978) Perturnbuhan dan perkembangan embrio kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) dalam kultur aseptik, Menara Perkebunan 46,213 216
VERDEIL JL, HUET C, GROSDEMANGE F and BUFFARD MOREL J (1994). Pland regeneration from cultured inimaturer inflorescences of coconut (cocos nucifera L.): evidence for somatic embryo genesis. PI.Cell Rep. 13, 218 221
YANG SF and HOFFMAN NE (1984) Ethylene biosynthesis and its regulation in higher plants. Annu.Rev.Pl.Physio. 35, 155 189
ASHBURNER GR and JAMES EA (1994) An annotated bibliography of in vitro coconut propagation. ACIAR Working Paper Series No. 40. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra.
ASHBURNEF, GF, THOMPSON WK and BURCH JM (1993) Effect of naptheleneacetic acid and sucrose levels on the development of cultured embryos of coconut. Pl. Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 35, 157 163
ASHBURNER GR, THOMPSON WK, MAHESWARAN G and BURCH JM (l. 99 1) The effect of solid and liquid phase in the basal medium of coconut (cocos nucifera L.) Embryo cultures. Oleagianeux 46, 149 152.
ASSY BAH B (1986) Culture in vitro d'embryons zygotiques de cocotier (Cocos nucifera L.) Oleagineux 41, 321 328
ASSY BAH B, DURANT GASSELIN T and PANNETIER C (1987) Use of zygotic embryo culture to collect germplasm of coconut (cocos nucifera L) Pl. Genet. Resour.Newsl. 71, 4 10
ASSY BAH B and ENGELMANN F. (1992) Cryopreservation of mature embryos of coconut (cocos nucifera L) and subsequent regeneration of plantlets. Cryo lett 33, 19 24
ASSY BAH B and ENGELMANN F. (l993). Medium term conservation of mature embryos of coconut. Pl. Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 33, 19 24
BALAGA HY and GUZMAN EV de (l970). The growth and development of coconut 'makapuno' embryos in vitro. II. Increased rooting incidence and growth in response to media composition and to sequential culture from liquid to solid medium Philipp.Agnic.53, 551 565.
BIDDINGTON NL (1992). The influence of ethylene in plant tissue culture. Pl. Growth Reg. 11, 173 187
BRANTAN RL and BLAKE J (1983). Development of organized structures in callus derived from explants of cocos nucifera L. Ann.Bot. 52, 673¬ 678
CUTTER VM, and WILSON KS (1954). Effect of coconut endosperm and other growth stimulants upon the development in vitro of embryos of cocos nucifera . Bot.Gaz. l 15, 234 240
DREW RA, CONSIDINE JA and McCOMB JA (l993). Effect of fiructose on growth of pawpaw shoot explants in vitro. Aust.J.Bot. 41, 739 748
DRUART P and DE WULF O. (1993). Activated charcoal catalyses sucrose hydrolysis during autoclaving PI.CeIlTiss.Org.Cult. 32, 97 99
EEUWENS CJ (1978) Effects of organic nutrients and hormons on growth and development of tissue explants from coconut (cocos nucifera) and date (Phoenix dactulifera) palms cultured in vitro Physiol. Plant 42, 173 178
FISHER JB and THEOBALD WF (1989) Long term effects of gibberellin and cytokinin on coconut trees. Principes 33, 5 17
FISHER JB and TSAI JH (1978) In vitro growth of embryos and callus of coconut palm. In Vitro 14, 307 311.
GUZMAN EV de (1970). The growth and development of coconut 'makapuno' ernbryo in vitro. 1. The induction of rooting. Philipp.Agric. 53, 65 73
GUZMAN EV de AND MANUAL GC (1977). Improved root growth in embryo and seedling cultures of coconut 'makapuno' by the incorporation of charcoal in the growth medium. Philipp. J. Coconut Stud. 2, 35 39
GUZMAN EV de, ROSARIO AG del and EUSEBIO EC (l971). The growth and development of coconut 'makapuno' embryo in vitro. III. Resumption of root growth in high sugar media. Philipp.Agric. 48, 82¬94
GUZMAN, EV de and ROSARIO DA del (1964) The growth and development of cocos nucifera L. 'Makapuno' embryo in vitro Philipp.Agric. 48, 82 94
JACKSON MB, ABBOTT AJ, BELCHER AR, HALL KC, BUTLER R and CAMERON J (l991) Ventilation in plant tissue cultures and effects of poor aeration on ethylene and carbon. dioxide accumulation, oxygen depletion and explant development. Ann.Bot. 67, 229 237
KARUNARATNE S and PERIYAPPERUMA K (l989) Culture of immature embryos of coconut, cocos nucifera L.: callus proliferation and somatic embryognesis PI.Sci, 62, 247 253
KARUNARATNE S, SANTHA S and KOVOOR A (l 99 1) An in vitro, assay for drought tolerant coconut gennplasm. Euphytica 53, 25 30
KOZAI T (1990) Micropropagation under photoautotrophic conditions. In Micropropagation: technology and applications, Eds Debergh PC and Zimmerman RH, pp. 448 47 1. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
MOREL G and WETMORE RH (l 951) Tissue culture of monocotyledons Am J Bot 38, 138 140
MURASHIGE T and SKOOG F (l962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol.Plant. 15, 473 497.
PENGELLY WL and SU LY (l991) Ethylene and plant tissue culture. In The plant hormone ethylene, Eds Matoo AK and Suttle JC, pp 259 278, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
RAGHAVAN V (1976) Experimental embryogenesis in vascular plants. Academic Press, London.
REMISON, SU (1984) Effect of gibberellic acid, kinetin and naphthylacetic acid on the growth of coconut seedlings. Ann.Appl. Biol. 105, 387 388
SAJISE JU and GUZMAN EV de (1972) Formation of adventitious roots in coconut makapuno seedlings in medium supplemented with naphthalene acetic acid. Philipplbiol. 1, 197 206
SOSSOU J, KARUNARATNE S and KOVOOR A (l 987) Collecting palm: in vitro explanting in the field. Pl.Gent.Resour.Newsl. 69 7 18
THOMAS DS and MURASHIGE T (1979) Volatile emissions of plant tissue cultures. I. Identification of the major components. In. Vitro 15, 654 65 8
TORUAN N (l 978) Perturnbuhan dan perkembangan embrio kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) dalam kultur aseptik, Menara Perkebunan 46,213 216
VERDEIL JL, HUET C, GROSDEMANGE F and BUFFARD MOREL J (1994). Pland regeneration from cultured inimaturer inflorescences of coconut (cocos nucifera L.): evidence for somatic embryo genesis. PI.Cell Rep. 13, 218 221
YANG SF and HOFFMAN NE (1984) Ethylene biosynthesis and its regulation in higher plants. Annu.Rev.Pl.Physio. 35, 155 189
Published
1996-12-01
How to Cite
Roger Ashburner, D.R. Tomlinson, & W.K. Thompson. (1996). SOME MISCELLANEOUS EXPERIMENTS WITH COCONUT EMBRYO CULTURE. CORD, 12(01), 34. https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v12i01.299
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Articles
